Plant Nutrition

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 plant nutrition is the study of The Chemical   Elements That Are Necessary for Growth .in 1972 ,Epstein Defined 2 criteria for an Element to be Essential For plant GRowth ;1 in its Absence That Plant Is unable to ccomplete Normal LIfe Cycle or [2]That element Is some Part Of Some Essential Plant Constitute or metabolite ,This All In accodance with Liebigs Law of The minimum .There Are 17 essential plant Nutrients.Carbon And Oxygen Absorbed FRom their Air ,While Other Nutrients  including Water Are obtained From The soil.Plants Must Obtain The Following minerals Nutrients From The Growing Media.                                                                                                                                                          1).The Primary Macronutrients ;Nitrogen [N], Phosphourus [p] ,And Potassium [k]         2]The THree Secondary Macronutrients Such as Calcium [ca]Sulpur [s],megnisium [mg].                                                                        3] The Micronutrients silicon [si]                       4] And Micronutes or trace minerals ;Boron [B],Chlorine [cl] ,Manganese [mn] ,iron [Fe],zink [Zn],copper[cu],molybdenum[Mo],Nickel[Ni]selenium[se]And Sodium [Na].                                       The Macronuttries Are ConsumedIn large Quantities And Are Present in Plant Tissue From 0.2% to 4.0 percent     A Dry Matter Weight Basis .Micronotrients Arte Present In Plant Tissue In Quantities Measured In Parts per million ,Ranging From 5 to 200 ppm, or less Than 0.02% dry Weight .                                                                                                                                                        Most Soil Conditions across The World Can provide Plants With Adequate Nutrition and Do Not Require Fertilizer For A Complete Life Cycle .However,man cAN Artifically Modify Soil Through the addition of fertilizer  to promote   vigorous Growth and increse yeild.The plants are able to obtain their required nutrients from The fertilizer added to the soil .A colloidal car5bonaceous residue, know as hummus ,can serve as a nutrient reservoir. Beside Lack of water And sunshine ,nutrient deficiency is major growth limiting factor.                                                                                                                              Nutrients uptake in the soil is achived by cation exchange ,where in root hairs pump s.these hydrogen ions [h+] into the soiul through protons pumps.these hydrogen ion displace cation attached to the negativetely charged soil particles  so that the cations are available for uptake by thr root.                                                                                                            plant niutrition is a diffult subject to understand completely ,partially because of the varition betwwen different plants and even between different species or individuals of a given clone .an element present at low lavel may cause deficiency symptoms ,while the same element at higher level may cause symptoms,further,defiency of one element may present as symptoms,of toxicity from another element .an  abundance of one nutrition may cause  a deficiency of another nutrient,  can affect the uptake of another such as no3- also k+  uptake can be influenced by the amount NH4+ Available .                                                                                                                               

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